Gestaltism

Gestalt Psychology literally means "shape" or "figure". Gestalt Psychology refers to the theory that the brain functions as a whole, but different than its parts at times. That doesn't seem to make a whole lot of sense, but examples of Gestaltism (as it is also known) are such...

There are five laws of Gestalt psychology:

Proximity

Similarity

Continuity

Symmetry

Pragnanz (German for "pregnant")

Our minds fill in the missing information, such as a puzzle of connect-the-dots. That is the essential gist of gestaltism. “There are wholes, the behaviour of which is not determined by that of their individual elements, but where the part-processes are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of the whole. It is the hope of Gestalt theory to determine the nature of such wholes”

-Max Wertheimer (1924).